The LESS Observer

Welcome to interactive views of steps during the minimally invasive Lumbar Endoscopic Spine Surgery (LESS) procedure.

In collaboration with Dr. Choll Kim, Md, PhD - Excel Spine Center in San Diego, CA

The interactive content on this page are now published in The International Journal of Spine Surgery in the supporting figures of:

Master Techniques in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery:
Lumbar Endoscopic Spine Surgery | International Journal of Spine Surgery

Written by Dr. Choll Kim.

Vol. 19, Issue S1

Published 1 Feb 2025