The LESS Observer

Welcome to interactive views of steps during the minimally invasive Lumbar Endoscopic Spine Surgery (LESS) procedure.

In collaboration with Dr. Choll Kim, Md, PhD - Excel Spine Center in San Diego, CA

Room Setup
Interlaminar
Transforaminal

The interactive content on this page are now published in The International Journal of Spine Surgery in the supporting figures of:

Master Techniques in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery:
Lumbar Endoscopic Spine Surgery | International Journal of Spine Surgery

Written by Dr. Choll Kim.

Vol. 19, Issue S1

Published 1 Feb 2025
Master Checklist